Friends, today in this article we will learn about the types of co-production based on technology. I am going to give information about all this in a very good way. So let’s start.
Types of co-generation based on technology
On the basis of technology, co-generation can be divided into the following parts-
steam turbine system
In this system boiler, steam turbine, generator and other auxiliary equipment are used. In this system oil, natural gas, coal, wood and similar substances are used as fuel. There are two types of steam turbines in it, which are as follows-
(i) Back Pressure Turbine – In the back pressure turbine system, steam at high temperature enters the turbine chamber through a nozzle, where it expands at low and medium pressure. Here thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy. The change in enthalpy is used for power generation and suitable work. The back pressure turbine is shown in Figure 1.
(ii) Extraction Condensing Turbine – In the extraction condensing turbine system, steam enters the turbine chamber at high pressure and comes out. Some part of the steam is used by the turbine at intermediate pressure (medium and low), while the remaining part is continuously spent and no additional pressure is generated on condensation. The main advantage of this system is that the fuel consumption is reduced. The extraction condensing turbine is shown in Figure 2.
Different types of fuels are used in this system, such as natural gas, fuel gas, biomass, coal and traditional fuels etc. This system is used in places where continuous high demand is required. The main disadvantage of this system is that pollution increases due to the fuels used in it. Due to pollution, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere decreases.
gas turbine system
The main parts of a gas turbine are the compressor, internal combustion chamber, gas turbine and generator. It is used in plants with a capacity of 100 MW. Natural gas and light diesel are used as fuel. In this, air is compressed by means of a compressor. The fuel and compressed air are sent to the internal combustion chamber, where the compressed air is heated by its combustion.
The mechanical energy obtained from the gas turbine is used to drive pumps, compressors, blowers etc. used in power generation. This system is beneficial for intermittent operations as it takes very little time to start.
If necessary, the output heat can be increased by adding additional fuel. Electricity generation using a gas turbine has been demonstrated here.
Mixed cycle system
This is a combination of steam turbine system and gas turbine system. Since the temperature of the waste gas emitted from the gas turbine is high, energy from the hot gases is recovered by the waste heat boiler, which is used to produce steam. This steam is supplied to the return pressure turbine, which drives the alternators that produce electricity. The high pressure gas emitted from the steam turbine is used to produce steam. This system saves up to 35% of energy. Under this, steam and gas turbines are run jointly, due to which co-generation starts. In this, the cost of energy production with fuel is less as compared to other systems. Two-way output power can be obtained through this.
reciprocating engine system
In this system, diesel or gas engines are used to generate electricity. The waste steam exhausted by the jacket cooling water engine is sent to a waste heat recovery boiler to produce steam and electricity.
This system is more popular because it causes the least pollution. In this, electricity and heat are produced in high capacity due to which it is used more in industries, but in this system – co-generation cost is higher than other systems. The heat produced by this is used in the boiler.
What did you learn today :-
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