Friends, today in this article we will learn about the main causes of technical losses and the measures to reduce them. I am going to give information about all these in a very good way. So let’s start.
Main causes of technical losses and measures to reduce them
The main causes of technical losses and measures to reduce them are as follows:
- Lengthy Distribution Lines- In rural areas, 11 kV and 415V distribution lines are used for maximum length. These lines are used for radial distribution system for primary and secondary distribution lines. Due to the longer length of these lines, the resistance is higher, due to which I2R losses are higher.
Electrification is being done with 11 kV distribution lines in rural areas.
- Inadequate Size of Conductors of Distribution Lines – The size of conductors in distribution system is determined on the basis of kVA × km so that voltage regulation is properly regulated.
Technical losses arise when the size of conductors used in different types of feeders is not as per the standard. If distribution lines of longer distances are transmitted, then the voltage drop in them is high. This voltage drop is included as loss. The voltage drop per unit length increases, to reduce which the cross-sectional area of the conductors is changed.
- Installation of Distribution Transformers away from Load Centers- In the secondary distribution system, the transformer is installed at a distance from the load center, due to which the voltage drop in the distribution line is high. If the transformer is installed near the load center in the distribution lines, then the losses are reduced.
- Low Power Factor in Primary and Secondary Distribution System- Generally, power factor in LT lines is 0.65 to 0.75. Low power factor causes high distribution losses. When power factor is low for a given load, high current flows in the circuit while the losses in it are proportional to the square of the current. Power factor is minimum due to losses caused by high current.
To improve the coefficient in the distribution system, shunt capacitors are installed towards the secondary coil.
Suppose 33/11 kV power transformers are installed at different points of the distribution system. If the power factor of the system is being improved then a shunt capacitor is installed on the secondary coil (11kV) side.
The size of capacitor in distribution lines should be 2/3rd of the average kVAR power. To improve power factor in distribution lines, line losses are reduced. Hence capacitors are connected across the consumer line terminals. By connecting capacitors across the consumer line terminals, power factor improvement is achieved by 4% to 9%.
- Bad Workmanship- Due to poor workmanship, the losses in distribution lines are high. For example, if there are more joints in a distribution line, then the losses in the line increase. The combination of transformer bushing, drop out fuse etc. in the distribution system should be correct.
- Feeder Phase Current and Load Balancing – Due to balanced current in the distribution lines of three phase circuits, the voltage drop is uniform, hence to reduce losses in the distribution lines the load is transferred uniformly.
- Effect of Load Factor on Losses – The daily power consumption of consumers changes according to the season. The load of domestic consumers is maximum in the evening, similarly the demand in industries is high in the afternoon. Distribution losses depend on this at the primary level. When the demand is high, the power factor is minimum, which leads to more losses.
What did you learn today :-
Now you must have known the main causes of technical losses and the measures to reduce them. You must have got the answers to all these questions well.
I hope you liked the information given by me, if you have any question/suggestion in your mind, then you can tell me by commenting below, I will definitely reply to your comment. If you liked this post, then you can also share it with your friends and relatives.